The relationship of electron Fermi energy with strong magnetic fields

In order to depict the quantization of Landau levels, we introduce Dirac $\delta$ function, and gain a concise expression for the electron Fermi energy, $E_{F}(e) \propto B^{1/4}$. The high soft X-ray luminosities of magnetars may be naturally explained by our theory.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure, submitted to OMEG11 Proceeding (Tokyo, Japan. Nov.14-18, 2011

Exploring the Impact of High Performance Work Systems in Professional Service Firms: A Practices-Resources-Uses-Performance Approach

This article aims to explore how a system of human resource management (HRM) practices influence firm performance in a professional service context. It integrates multidisciplinary theory and research findings. The system of HRM practices are labeled as high performance work systems (HPWS). In this article, it is proposed that HPWS influence firm performance through two steps: (1) by creating resources of human, social and organizational capital; and (2) by efficient uses of these resources. It indicates that firms using higher level of HPWS will experience better performance. The underlying mechanism is that HPWS first promote employees’ ability, relationships, and opportunities; that is, the resources. These resources then facilitate the uses process, which is represented by 4 means: (1) sensing the changes in the external environment; (2) team formation and utilization; (3) leveraging knowledge from seniors to juniors; and (4) combining and exchanging knowledge. Uses finally lead to higher organizational performance. This approach is called the practices-resources-uses-performance linkage model. Employing this linkage process tool, managers are able to diagnose the requirements for organizational development. They can effectively adopt and implement HPWS. This article introduces a novel perspective for investigating the underlying mediating mechanisms that explain the link between HPWS and Professional Service Firm (PSF) performance

Excitation functions of parameters extracted from three-source (net-)proton rapidity distributions in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions over an energy range from AGS to RHIC

Experimental results of the rapidity spectra of protons and net-protons (protons minus antiprotons) emitted in gold-gold (Au-Au) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions, measured by a few collaborations at the alternating gradient synchrotron (AGS), super proton synchrotron (SPS), and relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC), are described by a three-source distribution. The values of the distribution width $\sigma_C$ and contribution ratio (relative contribution) $k_C$ of the central rapidity region, and the distribution width $\sigma_F$ and rapidity shift $\Delta y$ of the forward/backward rapidity regions, are then obtained. The excitation function of $\sigma_C$ increases generally with increase of the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. The excitation function of $\sigma_F$ shows a saturation at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8$ GeV. The excitation function of $k_C$ shows a minimum at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.8$ GeV and a saturation at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\approx 17$ GeV. The excitation function of $\Delta y$ increase monotonously with $\ln \sqrt{s_{NN}}$ in the considered energy range.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, The European Physical Journal A, accepte